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Kitáb-i-Íqán — §28

Persian source with Shoghi Effendi’s authorized English translation. Paragraph 28 of 291.

Source (Persian)

يعنی وقتی که ناس در سختی و تنگی مبتلا شوند، و اين در وقتی است که آثار شمس حقيقت و اثمار سدره علم و حکمت از ميان مردم زائل شود و زمام ناس بدست جهّال افتد و ابواب توحيد و معرفت که مقصود اصلی از خلق انسانی است مسدود شود و علم به ظنّ تبديل گردد و هدايت به شقاوت راجع شود. چنانچه اليوم مشاهده می شود که زمام هر گروهی به دست جاهلی افتاده و به هر نحو که اراده کنند حرکت می دهند و در ميان ايشان از معبود جز اسمی و از مقصود جز حرفی نمانده. و به قسمی بادهای هوی و نفس غالب شده که سراج های عقل و فؤاد را در قلوب خاموش نموده، با اينکه ابواب علم الهی به مفاتيح قدرت ربّانی مفتوح گشته و جواهر وجود ممکنات به نور علمی و فيوضات قدسی منوَّر و مهتدی گشتند به قسمی که در هر شیء بابی از علم باز گشته و در هر ذرهّ آثاری از شمس مشهود شده. و با همه اين ظهورات علمی که عالم را احاطه نموده هنوز باب علم را مسدود دانستهاند و امطار رحمت را مقطوع گرفتهاند. به ظنّ تمسّک جسته، از عروة الوثقای محکم علم دور ماندهاند. و آنچه از ايشان مفهوم می شود گويا به علم و باب آن بالفطره رغبتی ندارند و در خيال ظهور آن هم نيستند زيرا که در ظنّ وگمان، ابوابی برای نان يافتهاند و در ظهور مظهر علم، جز انفاق جان چيزی نيافتهاند. لهذا البتّه از اين گريزانند و به آن متمسّک. و با اينکه حکم الهی را يک می دانند از هر گوشه ای حکمی صادر می شود و از هر محلّی امری ظاهر. دو نفس بر يک حکم ملاحظه نمی شود زيرا جز هوی الهی نجويند و به غير از خطا سبيلی نخواهند. رياست را نهايت وصول به مطلوب دانستهاند و کبر و غرور را غايت بلوغ به محبوب شمردهاند. تزويرات نفسانی را مقدّم بر تقديرات ربّانی دانند. از تسليم و رضا گذشتهاند و به تدبير و ريا اشتغال نمودهاند و به تمام قوّت و قدرت حفظ اين مراتب را می نمايند که مبادا نقصی در شوکت راه يابد و يا خللی در عزّت بهم رسد. و اگر چشمی از کحل معارف الهی روشن شود ملاحظه می کند سَبُعی چند را که بر مردارهای نفوس عباد افتادهاند.

Shoghi Effendi Translation

As to the words—“Immediately after the oppression of those days”—they refer to the time when men shall become oppressed and afflicted, the time when the lingering traces of the Sun of Truth and the fruit of the Tree of knowledge and wisdom will have vanished from the midst of men, when the reins of mankind will have fallen into the grasp of the foolish and ignorant, when the portals of divine unity and understanding—the essential and highest purpose in creation—will have been closed, when certain knowledge will have given way to idle fancy, and corruption will have usurped the station of righteousness. Such a condition as this is witnessed in this day when the reins of every community have fallen into the grasp of foolish leaders, who lead after their own whims and desire. On their tongue the mention of God hath become an empty name; in their midst His holy Word a dead letter. Such is the sway of their desires, that the lamp of conscience and reason hath been quenched in their hearts, and this although the fingers of divine power have unlocked the portals of the knowledge of God, and the light of divine knowledge and heavenly grace hath illumined and inspired the essence of all created things, in such wise that in each and every thing a door of knowledge hath been opened, and within every atom traces of the sun hath been made manifest. And yet, in spite of all these manifold revelations of divine knowledge, which have encompassed the world, they still vainly imagine the door of knowledge to be closed, and the showers of mercy to be stilled. Clinging unto idle fancy, they have strayed far from the Urvatu’l-Vuthqá of divine knowledge. Their hearts seem not to be inclined to knowledge and the door thereof, neither think they of its manifestations, inasmuch as in idle fancy they have found the door that leadeth unto earthly riches, whereas in the manifestation of the Revealer of knowledge they find naught but the call to self-sacrifice. They therefore naturally hold fast unto the former, and flee from the latter. Though they recognize in their hearts the Law of God to be one and the same, yet from every direction they issue a new command, and in every season proclaim a fresh decree. No two are found to agree on one and the same law, for they seek no God but their own desire, and tread no path but the path of error. In leadership they have recognized the ultimate object of their endeavour, and account pride and haughtiness as the highest attainments of their heart’s desire. They have placed their sordid machinations above the divine decree, have renounced resignation unto the will of God, busied themselves with selfish calculation, and walked in the way of the hypocrite. With all their power and strength they strive to secure themselves in their petty pursuits, fearful lest the least discredit undermine their authority or blemish the display of their magnificence. Were the eye to be anointed and illumined with the collyrium of the knowledge of God, it would surely discover that a number of voracious beasts have gathered and preyed upon the carrion of the souls of men.

Translation Notes

يعنی
ʿ-n-y “meaning” Distinctive

literal: that is; meaning; i.e.

وقتی

literal: time; occasion; moment; period

که

literal: that; who; who, that

ناس

literal: companionship; fellowship; familiarity; to keep company

در

literal: in; in, at; radiant

سختی

literal: hard, difficult, severe; harshness

تنگی

literal: I; truly I; verily I

مبتلا

literal: affliction; trial; calamity; trial, tribulation, affliction, calamity; yes; indeed; verily

شوند،

literal: to come; to go; to arrive; came

است

literal: to be; are (third person plural present copula)

آثار

literal: effect; trace; influence; imprint; sign; mark; vestige

شمس

literal: sun; daystar; manifestation of divine light

حقيقت

literal: truth; right; that which is true or just

اثمار

literal: fruit; the fruit

سدره

literal: lote-tree; divine tree

علم

literal: world; universe; the worlds

حکمت

literal: government; rule; governance; wisdom; firm; solid; strengthened

از

literal: from

ميان

literal: between; among; amid; in the midst of

مردم

literal: rebellion; mutiny; revolt

زائل
z-w-l “at all times” Distinctive

literal: to pass away; to vanish; to disappear; to cease

زمام

literal: reins; bridle; control; governance

بدست

literal: hand; control, power, authority

جهّال

literal: ignorant; foolish; the ignorant ones

افتد

literal: fall; gave-ruling; decreed

ابواب

literal: door; gate; opening; chapter; way

توحيد

literal: Divine unity; monotheism; belief in the oneness of God

معرفت

literal: to confess; to acknowledge; to recognize

مقصود

literal: intention; purpose; aim; goal; to seek; to direct oneself

اصلی

literal: prayer; blessing; benediction

خلق

literal: character; moral traits; disposition; conduct

انسانی

literal: human; mankind; of humanity

مسدود

literal: threshold; barrier; seat of authority

به

literal: by it; by him; with it

ظنّ

literal: fancy; supposition; vain imagination; idle conjecture

تبديل

literal: in place of; instead of; to change; to alter (preposition or verb stem)

گردد

literal: become; to become; make

هدايت

literal: guidance; to guide; direction; leading rightly; this; this one

شقاوت

literal: wretchedness; misery; ill-fortune

راجع

literal: return; reference; place of return; resort

چنانچه

literal: thus; in such manner; as

اليوم

literal: day; age; period; era; a day

مشاهده

literal: witnessed; observed; seen; evident; manifest

می

literal: what; which; that which; relative pronoun; interrogative

هر

literal: whatever; all that; whatever thing

گروهی

literal: numerous; many; multiple

افتاده

literal: to fall, drop, befall, happen, come to pass

نحو

literal: manner; way; direction; towards

اراده

literal: to will; to intend; to wish; will, volition, intention, desire

کنند
k-r-d “hath” Distinctive

literal: to do; to make; to act; to dig, excavate; slow

حرکت

literal: movement; motion; trembling; activity; حراک is unusual; possible typo or dialectal. Standard Arabic would be حرك or اهتزاز for ‘trembling’

دهند
d-h

literal: to give; to provide; to yield; to grant; to bestow

ايشان

literal: that; it (object pronoun with suffix)

معبود
ʿ-b-d “God” Distinctive

literal: servant; slave; worshipper

جز
j-z “but” Distinctive

literal: except

اسمی

literal: heaven; sky

حرفی

literal: letter; character; edge

قسمی

literal: oath; division; kind; type

بادهای

literal: wind; winds; must

هوی

literal: desire; vain desire; inclination; passion; whim; realm; region

غالب

literal: to overcome, overpower, vanquish, prevail

شده

literal: to become; to be

سراج

literal: lamp; light; illuminator

های

literal: and; that; in

عقل

literal: intellect; wise persons; to understand

فؤاد

literal: heart, innermost soul, mind; heart; inner consciousness; mind; one who benefits; advantageous

را

literal: object marker; object-marker; to

قلوب

literal: heart; to turn; to overturn

خاموش

literal: to extinguish; to quench; to silence; silent

نموده،

literal: to show, display, exhibit; to grow, develop

با

literal: to; with; by

اينکه
ʾ-y-n “this Chapter” Distinctive

literal: this; these

الهی

literal: God; Allah; deity; Divinity; divine nature; godhood

مفاتيح
f-t-ḥ “opened” Distinctive

literal: opening; opening up; conquests; revelations; disclosure

قدرت

literal: power; might; decree; measure; worth

ربّانی

literal: education; upbringing; training; cultivation

گشته

literal: to become; to turn; to be

جواهر

literal: jewel; essence; gem; substance

وجود

literal: to find; to discover; to obtain

ممکنات

literal: establishment; confirmation; empowerment; firm settlement; place; possibility; being (negated as ‘non-being’)

نور

literal: light; illumination

فيوضات
f-y-ḍ “heavenly grace” Distinctive

literal: flood; abundance; overflow; emanation; grace; overflowing; emanating; surplus

قدسی

literal: holy, sacred, sanctified

شیء
sh-y-ʾ “thing a” Distinctive

literal: thing; something; to will; to wish; to desire; to open; to unfold; to reveal

باز

literal: by, with, through (preposition)

ذرهّ

literal: atom; particle; mote

آثاری

literal: effect; trace; influence; imprint; sign; mark; vestige

همه

literal: them (pronoun + object marker)

ظهورات

literal: manifestation; appearance; to appear; to manifest

احاطه

literal: to encompass, surround, envelop, embrace

هنوز

literal: still; yet; hitherto

دانستهاند

literal: this world; earthly life; temporal realm; lowest; base; mean; of little account; to know; to be acquainted with

امطار

literal: rain

رحمت

literal: merciful, compassionate; pertaining to divine mercy

مقطوع

literal: to be severed; to be cut off; to detach oneself; to abstain

گرفتهاند.

literal: take; taken; to take

تمسّک
m-s-k “Clinging unto” Distinctive

literal: musk; to seize; grip; to hold fast; to cling to; to grasp

جسته،

literal: to seek; to cling; to grasp; to strive

عروة

literal: handle; rope; firm bond; connection

الوثقای

literal: covenant; testament; bond

دور

literal: cycle; dispensation; age; turn; round

ماندهاند.

literal: to remain; to stay; to be left

مفهوم

literal: understanding; comprehension; to understand; to comprehend

گويا
g-w-y “I say” Distinctive

literal: speech; utterance; saying; word

آن
ʾ-n “former” Distinctive

literal: that; those; he; she; it

بالفطره

literal: creator; the one who splits/creates

رغبتی

literal: to desire, wish for; to turn away from; to be inclined towards

ندارند

literal: have; had; to have

خيال

literal: ill-wishing; malice; enmity

هم

literal: them (feminine or general); by them; through them

نيستند
h-s-t “have” Distinctive

literal: is not; not to be; does not exist; negation, denial, banishment; to negate, deny, banish; contradiction; opposition; contrariety

زيرا

literal: because; since; for; inasmuch as

وگمان،

literal: opinion, conjecture, suspicion

برای

literal: to see; to perceive; to look; to see, to observe, to behold; to view; vision; dream; sight; ل is prefix; verb تری (you see) is from ر-ا-ي

نان

literal: it is; that it is

يافتهاند

literal: to find, discover; to obtain, acquire; to find; to obtain; to discover

انفاق

literal: hypocrisy; sedition; discord; betrayal

جان

literal: soul; life; spirit; self

چيزی

literal: thing; thing, something; that which

لهذا

literal: therefore; for this reason; hence; so

البتّه

literal: certainly; certainly, definitely; absolute

گريزانند

literal: fleeing

متمسّک.

literal: musk; to seize; grip; to hold fast; to cling to; to grasp

يک

literal: one; a single

گوشه

literal: ear; to hear, listen

ای

literal: O; vocative particle; oh (vocative particle)

صادر
ṣ-d-r “breasts” Distinctive

literal: to issue, emanate, proceed; issued, emanating

محلّی

literal: place; location; spot

امری
ʾ-m-r “decree” Distinctive

literal: command; cause; matter; affair; Cause (of God); to command; to order

دو

literal: two; run; running

بر

literal: on; on, upon; upon

ملاحظه
l-ḥ-ẓ “discover” Distinctive

literal: assembly; multitude; chiefs; to fill; people of rank; fullness, assembly

نمی

literal: to show, to display, to manifest, to exhibit; to manifest; to display; to show

نجويند
j-w-y “take fast hold” Distinctive

literal: to save; to deliver; to escape

غير

literal: without; besides; other than; except; other; different

خطا

literal: line; writing; path; course

سبيلی

literal: path; way; road; cause; means

نخواهند.

literal: to want; to wish; will (future auxiliary); brother; sibling

رياست

literal: ostentation; hypocrisy; vainglory; ruin

نهايت

literal: to show, to display, to manifest, to exhibit; to manifest; to display; to show

وصول

literal: reunion; union; meeting; connection

مطلوب
ṭ-l-b “theme” Distinctive

literal: seeker, one who seeks; those who seek

کبر

literal: great; grand; mighty; large; greatness; majesty; sovereignty; arrogance

غرور

literal: delusion, deceit; deluded, deceived

غايت

literal: purpose; aim; goal; end; ultimate

بلوغ
b-l-gh “proclaim” Distinctive

literal: to reach; to attain; to deliver; to proclaim

محبوب

literal: love; affection

شمردهاند.

literal: to count; to regard; to esteem; to consider

تزويرات

literal: visitation; visit; Zawra

نفسانی
n-f-s “souls” Distinctive

literal: self; soul; psyche

مقدّم

literal: ancientness; antiquity; foot; to come forward

تسليم

literal: resignation; submission; surrender; submissiveness

رضا

literal: good-pleasure, consent, satisfaction; satisfaction; pleasure; approval; contentment

گذشتهاند

literal: to leave; to pass; to abandon

تدبير

literal: deliberation; consideration; prudence; management; planning; counsel

ريا
r-ʾ-y “Thou seest” Distinctive

literal: to see; to perceive; to look; to see, to observe, to behold; to view; vision; dream; sight; ل is prefix; verb تری (you see) is from ر-ا-ي

اشتغال

literal: to occupy; to engage; to busy; occupation

نمودهاند

literal: to show, display, exhibit; to grow, develop

تمام

literal: most complete; to complete; perfect; fullness

قوّت

literal: strength; power; might

حفظ

literal: guardian; preserver; keeper

مراتب

literal: rank; station; degree; time; instance

نمايند
n-m-ʾ “will” Distinctive

literal: do; show; make

مبادا

literal: lest; perhaps; in order that not

نقصی

literal: deficiency; lack; diminution

شوکت

literal: majesty; glory; might; splendor

راه
r-h “guide” Distinctive

literal: way; path; road

يابد
y-ʾ-f-t “inhale” Distinctive

literal: find; to find, obtain; found

يا

literal: O; vocative particle; oh (vocative particle)

خللی

literal: defect; breach; disturbance

عزّت

literal: glory; might; honor; dignity; power; majesty

بهم
h-m

literal: them (pronoun + object marker)

رسد.
r-s-d “reached” Distinctive

literal: Persian verb رسیدن (to arrive/reach), not Arabic ر-س-د

اگر

literal: although; even if; though; notwithstanding

چشمی

literal: eye; vision; sight

کحل

literal: place; location; spot

روشن

literal: light; illumination; brilliance; clarity

سَبُعی
s-b-ʿ “seventh” Distinctive

literal: lion; wild beast

چند
ch-n-d “while” Distinctive

literal: some; several; a few; how many

Source: Bahá'u'lláh, Kitáb-i-Íqán

Model Translations by Shoghi Effendi

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268 ¶

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50 ¶

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A compilation of 166 selections from Bahá’u’lláh’s Tablets, spanning the Baghdad, Adrianople, and ‘Akká periods (1853–1892). George Townshend assisted with English refinement. Shoghi Effendi wrote that it gives the friends a splendid opportunity to acquire knowledge and understanding of the Faith.

729 ¶

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16 ¶

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858 ¶

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17 ¶

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5 ¶

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57 ¶

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160 ¶

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‘Abdu’l-Bahá

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59 ¶