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Kitáb-i-Íqán — §31

Persian source with Shoghi Effendi’s authorized English translation. Paragraph 31 of 291.

Source (Persian)

مقصود از شمس و قمر که در کلمات انبياء مذکور است منحصر به اين شمس و قمر ظاهری نيست که ملاحظه می شود. بلکه از شمس و قمر معانی بسيار اراده فرمودهاند که در هر مقام به مناسبت آن مقام معنيی اراده می فرمايند. مثلاً يک معنی از شمس، شمس های حقيقت اند که از مشرق قدم طالع می شوند و بر جميع ممکنات ابلاغ فيض می فرمايند. و اين شموس حقيقت، مظاهر کلّيّه الهی هستند در عوالم صفات و اسمای او. و همچنان که شمس ظاهری تربيت اشيای ظاهره از اثمار و اشجار و الوان و فواکه و معادن و دون ذلک از آنچه در عالم ملک مشهود است، به امر معبود حقيقی به اعانت اوست، همچنين اشجار توحيد و اثمار تفريد و اوراق تجريد و گل های علم و ايقان و رياحين حکمت و بيان از عنايت و تربيت شمس های معنوی ظاهر می شود. اين است که در حين اشراق اين شموس، عالم جديد می شود و انهار حَيَوان جاری می گردد و ابحر احسان به موج می آيد و سحاب فضل مرتفع می شود و نسمات جود بر هياکل موجودات می وزد و از حرارت اين شمس های الهی و نارهای معنوی است که حرارت محبّت الهی در ارکان عالم احداث می شود و از عنايت اين ارواح مجرّده است که روح حيوان باقيه بر اجساد مردگان فانيه مبذول می گردد. و فی الحقيقه اين شمس ظاهری يک آيه از تجلّی آن شمس معنوی است و آن شمسی است که از برای او مقابلی و شبهی و مثلی و ندّی ملاحظه نمی شود و کلّ به وجود او قائمند و از فيض او ظاهر و به او راجع. مِنها ظَهَرتِ الاَشياءُ وَإلی خَزائِنِ اَمرها رَجَعَت وَ مِنها بُدِئتِ المُمکِناتُ وَ إلی کَنائِزِ حُکمِها عادَت.

Shoghi Effendi Translation

And now, concerning His words—“The sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give light, and the stars shall fall from heaven.” By the terms “sun” and “moon,” mentioned in the writings of the Prophets of God, is not meant solely the sun and moon of the visible universe. Nay rather, manifold are the meanings they have intended for these terms. In every instance they have attached to them a particular significance. Thus, by the “sun” in one sense is meant those Suns of Truth Who rise from the dayspring of ancient glory, and fill the world with a liberal effusion of grace from on high. These Suns of Truth are the universal Manifestations of God in the worlds of His attributes and names. Even as the visible sun that assisteth, as decreed by God, the true One, the Adored, in the development of all earthly things, such as the trees, the fruits, and colours thereof, the minerals of the earth, and all that may be witnessed in the world of creation, so do the divine Luminaries, by their loving care and educative influence, cause the trees of divine unity, the fruits of His oneness, the leaves of detachment, the blossoms of knowledge and certitude, and the myrtles of wisdom and utterance, to exist and be made manifest. Thus it is that through the rise of these Luminaries of God the world is made new, the waters of everlasting life stream forth, the billows of loving-kindness surge, the clouds of grace are gathered, and the breeze of bounty bloweth upon all created things. It is the warmth that these Luminaries of God generate, and the undying fires they kindle, which cause the light of the love of God to burn fiercely in the heart of humanity. It is through the abundant grace of these Symbols of Detachment that the Spirit of life everlasting is breathed into the bodies of the dead. Assuredly the visible sun is but a sign of the splendour of that Day-star of Truth, that Sun Which can never have a peer, a likeness, or rival. Through Him all things live, move, and have their being. Through His grace they are made manifest, and unto Him they all return. From Him all things have sprung, and unto the treasuries of His revelation they all have repaired. From Him all created things did proceed, and to the depositories of His law they did revert.

Translation Notes

مقصود

literal: intention; purpose; aim; goal; to seek; to direct oneself

از

literal: from

شمس

literal: sun; daystar; manifestation of divine light

قمر

literal: moon

که

literal: that; who; who, that

در

literal: in; in, at; radiant

کلمات

literal: words; utterances; locutions; word; utterance; speech; sayings; verses

انبياء

literal: prophet; messenger

مذکور

literal: remembrance; mention; memory; invocation; reminders; commemorations

است

literal: to be; are (third person plural present copula)

منحصر

literal: confined; restricted; limited to; concentrated

به
b-h “the” Distinctive

literal: by it; by him; with it

اين

literal: this; these

ظاهری
ẓ-h-r “visible” Distinctive

literal: manifestation; appearance; to appear; to manifest; to display; to reveal; ظهور here means ‘backs’ (plural of ظهر), different semantic use than manifestation

ملاحظه

literal: assembly; multitude; chiefs; to fill; people of rank; fullness, assembly

می

literal: what; which; that which; relative pronoun; interrogative

بلکه

literal: nay; but rather; on the contrary; but

بسيار

literal: much; many; very; greatly

اراده

literal: to will; to intend; to wish; will, volition, intention, desire

هر

literal: whatever; all that; whatever thing

مقام
q-w-m “instance” Distinctive

literal: rising; standing; uprising; resurrection

مناسبت

literal: relation; relationship; connection; attribution; proportion

آن

literal: that; those; he; she; it

معنيی
ʿ-n-y “loving-kindness” Distinctive

literal: to concern; to mean; to turn away from; bounty; loving-kindness; grace; divine care; attention; meaning; significance; inner sense

فرمايند.
f-r-m “saith” Distinctive

literal: to say; to decree; to ordain; to command

مثلاً

literal: like; example; parable; similitude

يک

literal: one; a single

های

literal: and; that; in

حقيقت

literal: truth; right; that which is true or just

مشرق

literal: radiance; splendor; dawn; illumination

قدم

literal: ancientness; antiquity; foot; to come forward

طالع

literal: rising; appearance; countenance; manifestation

شوند

literal: to come; to go; to arrive; came

بر

literal: by, with, through (preposition)

جميع

literal: to gather; to assemble; group; number

ممکنات

literal: establishment; confirmation; empowerment; firm settlement; place; possibility; being (negated as ‘non-being’)

ابلاغ
b-l-gh “teach” Distinctive

literal: reach; reached; attainment

فيض

literal: flood; abundance; overflow; emanation; grace; overflowing; emanating; surplus

کلّيّه

literal: all; every; whole; entirety; entire; completely

الهی

literal: God; Allah; deity; Divinity; divine nature; godhood

هستند

literal: to be; to exist

عوالم

literal: world; universe; the worlds

صفات

literal: attribute; quality; characteristic

اسمای

literal: name

او

literal: he; it (third person pronoun); refuge; shelter; dwelling place; abode; lamentation, cry, woe; melody, song

تربيت

literal: education; upbringing; training; cultivation

اشيای

literal: thing; something; to will; to wish; to desire; to open; to unfold; to reveal

اثمار

literal: fruit; the fruit

اشجار

literal: tree

الوان
l-w-n “look” Distinctive

literal: colors; colors/varieties; colored, multicolored

فواکه

literal: fruit; botanical fruit or produce

معادن

literal: mine; source; origin; repository

دون

literal: below; lower than; beneath

ذلک

literal: abasement; humiliation; lowliness; to be abased

ملک

literal: kingdom; dominion; realm; sovereignty; possessions; property; ownership

مشهود
sh-h-d “witnessed” Distinctive

literal: witnessed; observed; seen; evident; manifest

امر

literal: command; cause; matter; affair

معبود

literal: servant; slave; worshipper

اعانت

literal: help; aid; helper; supporter

همچنين

literal: always; ever; forever; at all times; constantly

توحيد

literal: Divine unity; monotheism; belief in the oneness of God

تفريد

literal: unique; singular; incomparable

اوراق

literal: leaf, page, sheet, parchment, document

تجريد

literal: neck; throat

گل

literal: rose-garden; garden of flowers

ايقان

literal: certainty; certitude; conviction; faith

رياحين
r-w-ḥ “spirit” Distinctive

literal: to go; to depart; to rest; spirit; soul

حکمت

literal: government; rule; governance; wisdom; firm; solid; strengthened

بيان

literal: to manifest; to make clear; clear, evident; in; among; between; at this moment

حين

literal: time; moment; while; season

جديد

literal: new, novel, renewed; novelty, innovation

انهار

literal: river; to flow

حَيَوان

literal: life; animal; living being; beast; creature

جاری

literal: trade; commerce; business; to flow; to run; to be in effect; flowing

گردد

literal: become; to become; make

ابحر

literal: sea; ocean

احسان
ḥ-s-n “most excellent” Distinctive

literal: goodness; beauty; excellence; good deed

موج

literal: wave; billows; surge

آيد

literal: come; support; may aid

سحاب

literal: cloud; clouds

فضل

literal: grace; bounty; generosity; excellence

مرتفع

literal: to be raised, elevated, exalted, lifted up

نسمات

literal: breeze; gentle wind; fragrance

جود

literal: generosity; bounty; liberality

هياکل
h-y-k-l “form” Distinctive

literal: temple; body; edifice; structure

وزد

literal: to blow; to waft; to breathe

حرارت

literal: heat; writing; freedom

نارهای

literal: light; illumination

محبّت

literal: love; affection

ارکان

literal: pillar; cornerstone; support; fundamental element; limb; member

احداث
ḥ-d-th “traditions” Distinctive

literal: events, occurrences, accidents, changes and chances

باقيه

literal: remaining; everlasting; eternal; immortal; permanence; duration; continuance

اجساد

literal: body; corpse; physical form

مردگان

literal: death; dead; to die

فانيه
f-n-y “shall perish” Distinctive

literal: annihilation; perishing; extinction; cessation; the threshold

مبذول

literal: to give; to bestow; to expend

فی
f-y

literal: in; in-it; in it

آيه

literal: verse; sign; miracle; proof; sign, verse, miracle, token, indication; ayah; he; him; it

تجلّی

literal: effulgence; manifestation; revelation; manifestation, revelation, appearance

برای

literal: to see; to perceive; to look; to see, to observe, to behold; to view; vision; dream; sight; ل is prefix; verb تری (you see) is from ر-ا-ي

مقابلی
q-b-l “before” Distinctive

literal: group; company; tribe; sort; kind

شبهی

literal: doubt; uncertainty; suspicion; resemblance; semblance

ندّی

literal: call; voice; proclamation; forty; forty years

نمی

literal: to show, to display, to manifest, to exhibit; to manifest; to display; to show

وجود

literal: to find; to discover; to obtain

راجع.

literal: return; reference; place of return; resort

مِنها
m-n “From Him” Distinctive

literal: from; out of; than (preposition and particle)

وَإلی
w-l-y “Lord” Distinctive

literal: guardian; protector; friend; ally; lord; helper; first; primary; original

خَزائِنِ

literal: to store, to treasure; storehouse, depository, treasury

اَمرها
ʾ-m-r “revelation” Distinctive

literal: command; cause; matter; affair

بُدِئتِ
b-d-ʾ “beginning” Distinctive

literal: beginning; source; origin, beginning

إلی
ʾ-l-y “to the” Distinctive

literal: except; but; if not; lo; now; at this time; save; only; unless

کَنائِزِ
k-n-z “treasures” Distinctive

literal: treasure; treasures; hoard

عادَت.
ʿ-w-d “habits” Distinctive

literal: return; habit; Ad

Source: Bahá'u'lláh, Kitáb-i-Íqán

Model Translations by Shoghi Effendi

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Epistle to the Son of the Wolf

Bahá’u’lláh

The last outstanding Tablet revealed by Bahá’u’lláh, written around 1891 and addressed to Shaykh Muḥammad-Taqí of Iṣfahán. It calls upon that rapacious priest to repent, quotes the most celebrated passages from Bahá’u’lláh’s own writings, and adduces proofs establishing the validity of His Cause.

268 ¶

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Fire Tablet

Bahá’u’lláh

Revealed in late 1871 during a period of severe hardship in ‘Akká, this Tablet takes the form of an anguished dialogue between Bahá’u’lláh and God. Questions about the sufferings of the faithful are answered with divine assurances, building to a crescendo of triumph over tribulation.

50 ¶

Gleanings cover

Gleanings

Bahá’u’lláh

A compilation of 166 selections from Bahá’u’lláh’s Tablets, spanning the Baghdad, Adrianople, and ‘Akká periods (1853–1892). George Townshend assisted with English refinement. Shoghi Effendi wrote that it gives the friends a splendid opportunity to acquire knowledge and understanding of the Faith.

729 ¶

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Kitáb-i-’Ahd

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The Book of the Covenant — Bahá’u’lláh’s Will and Testament, written entirely in His own hand and unsealed on the ninth day after His ascension. It designates ‘Abdu’l-Bahá as His successor and establishes what Shoghi Effendi called the mightiest Covenant in all religious history.

16 ¶

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Prayers and Meditations

Bahá’u’lláh

Published in 1938, this companion volume to Gleanings contains 184 prayers and meditations selected by Shoghi Effendi from Bahá’u’lláh’s devotional writings revealed across successive exiles from Baghdad to ‘Akká. Shoghi Effendi described it as a volume whose perusal would deepen the spirit of devotion and faith.

858 ¶

Tablet of Aḥmad cover

Tablet of Aḥmad

Bahá’u’lláh

Revealed in Adrianople and addressed to a believer named Aḥmad, this Tablet has been invested by Bahá’u’lláh with a special potency and significance. Its central imagery draws on the metaphor of fire and water: “Be thou as a flame of fire to My enemies and a river of life eternal to My loved ones.”

17 ¶

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Tablet of Carmel

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Revealed during a visit to Mount Carmel, this Tablet addresses the mountain directly and prophesies its future as the world spiritual and administrative center of the Faith. Shoghi Effendi designated it one of three foundational Charters. Its imagery of the Ark and the dwellers therein prefigures the Universal House of Justice.

5 ¶

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Tablet of the Holy Mariner

Bahá’u’lláh

Chanted aloud in the outskirts of Baghdad just weeks before the Declaration in the Garden of Riḍván, its gloomy prognostications aroused the grave apprehensions of all who heard it. Only the Arabic portion has an authorized translation; the Persian portion remains untranslated.

57 ¶

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The Hidden Words

Bahá’u’lláh

Seventy-one Arabic and eighty-two Persian aphorisms revealed around 1858 while walking along the banks of the Tigris in Baghdad. Originally designated the “Hidden Book of Fáṭimih,” Shoghi Effendi described it as a marvelous collection of gem-like utterances occupying a position of unsurpassed preeminence among the ethical writings of the Faith.

160 ¶

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Will and Testament

‘Abdu’l-Bahá

Written by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in three parts between 1901 and 1908, opened and read after His passing on 28 November 1921. Shoghi Effendi designated it the Charter of the New World Order — the mightiest instrument forged to ensure the continuity of the three ages of the Bahá’í Dispensation.

59 ¶