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Kitáb-i-Íqán — §40

Persian source with Shoghi Effendi’s authorized English translation. Paragraph 40 of 291.

Source (Persian)

و در حديث هم اطلاق شمس و قمر بر صوم و صلات شده چنانچه می فرمايد: " الصَّومُ ضِياءٌ وَالصَّلوةُ نُورٌ." و لکن روزی در محلّی نشسته بودم شخصی از علمای معروف وارد شد و به مناسبتی اين حديث را ذکر نمود و فرمود: چون صوم حرارت در مزاج احداث می نمايد لهذا به ضياء که شمس باشد تعبير يافته و صلات ليل چون برودت می طلبد لهذا به نور که قمر باشد معبّر گشته. ملاحظه نمودم که آن فقير به قطره ای از بحر معانی موفّق نشده و به جذوه ای ازنار سدرهحکمت ربّانی فائز نگشته. بعد از مدّتی در نهايت ادب اظهار داشتم که جناب، آنچه فرموديد در معنی حديث، در السن و افواه ناس مذکور است و ليکن گويا مقصود ديگر هم از حديث مستفاد می شود. بيان آن را طلب نمود. ذکر شد که خاتم انبياء و سيّد اصفياء دين مرتفع در فرقان را تشبيه به سماء فرمودهاند به علّت علوّ و رفعت و عظمت و احاطه آن بر جميع اديان. و چون در سماء ظاهره دو رکن اعظم اقوم مقرّر شده است که نيّرين باشد و به شمس و قمر ناميده، همچنين در سماء دين هم دو نيّر مقدّر گشته که صوم و صلات باشد. الإسلامُ سَماءٌ و الصَّومُ شَمسُها و الصَّلوةُ قَمَرُها.

Shoghi Effendi Translation

Moreover, in the traditions the terms “sun” and “moon” have been applied to prayer and fasting, even as it is said: “Fasting is illumination, prayer is light.” One day, a well-known divine came to visit Us. While We were conversing with him, he referred to the above-quoted tradition. He said: “Inasmuch as fasting causeth the heat of the body to increase, it hath therefore been likened unto the light of the sun; and as the prayer of the night-season refresheth man, it hath been compared unto the radiance of the moon.” Thereupon We realized that that poor man had not been favoured with a single drop of the ocean of true understanding, and had strayed far from the burning Bush of divine wisdom. We then politely observed to him saying: “The interpretation your honour hath given to this tradition is the one current amongst the people. Could it not be interpreted differently?” He asked Us: “What could it be?” We made reply: “Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets, and the most distinguished of God’s chosen Ones, hath likened the Dispensation of the Qur’án unto heaven, by reason of its loftiness, its paramount influence, its majesty, and the fact that it comprehendeth all religions. And as the sun and moon constitute the brightest and most prominent luminaries in the heavens, similarly in the heaven of the religion of God two shining orbs have been ordained—fasting and prayer. ‘Islám is heaven; fasting is its sun, prayer, its moon.’”

Translation Notes

در

literal: in; in, at; radiant

حديث

literal: events, occurrences, accidents, changes and chances

هم

literal: them (pronoun + object marker)

اطلاق

literal: divorce; release; freeing

شمس

literal: sun; daystar; manifestation of divine light

قمر

literal: moon

بر

literal: by, with, through (preposition)

صوم

literal: fasting; to abstain from food

صلات

literal: blessings; prayers; salutations

شده

literal: to become; to be

چنانچه

literal: thus; in such manner; as

می

literal: what; which; that which; relative pronoun; interrogative

فرمايد:

literal: to say; to decree; to ordain; to command

ضِياءٌ
ḍ-w-ʾ “shineth” Distinctive

literal: to shine; to illuminate; to light up; illumined; shining; radiant

نُورٌ."

literal: light; illumination

لکن

literal: but; however; yet; nevertheless

روزی

literal: narration; tradition; fragrance; to grow; to spring forth; to sprout

محلّی

literal: place; location; spot

نشسته

literal: to sit; to be seated

شخصی

literal: person, individual, self; movement, stirring

از

literal: from

علمای

literal: world; universe; the worlds

معروف

literal: to confess; to acknowledge; to recognize

وارد
w-r-d “hath befallen” Distinctive

literal: to enter, to come, to befall, to arrive

به

literal: by it; by him; with it

مناسبتی

literal: relation; relationship; connection; attribution; proportion

اين

literal: this; these

را

literal: object marker; object-marker; to

ذکر
dh-k-r “referred” Distinctive

literal: remembrance; mention; memory; invocation; reminders; commemorations

نمود

literal: to show, display, exhibit; to grow, develop

چون

literal: since; when; as

حرارت

literal: heat; writing; freedom

مزاج

literal: temperament; disposition; constitution; complexion

لهذا

literal: therefore; for this reason; hence; so

که
k-h

literal: that; who; who, that

تعبير
ʿ-b-r “tears” Distinctive

literal: expression; phrase; utterance; statement; passage; wording

يافته

literal: to find; to discover; to obtain

ليل

literal: night; darkness

برودت

literal: brother

طلبد
ṭ-l-b “theme” Distinctive

literal: seeker, one who seeks; those who seek

گشته.
g-sh-t “have been” Distinctive

literal: to become; to turn; to be

ملاحظه

literal: assembly; multitude; chiefs; to fill; people of rank; fullness, assembly

نمودم
n-m-w “hath” Distinctive

literal: to show, display, exhibit; to grow, develop

آن

literal: that; those; he; she; it

فقير

literal: poor; needy; the poor one; pauper

قطره

literal: drop; region; country; rainfall

ای

literal: O; vocative particle; oh (vocative particle)

بحر

literal: sea; ocean

معانی
ʿ-n-y “loving-kindness” Distinctive

literal: to concern; to mean; to turn away from; bounty; loving-kindness; grace; divine care; attention; meaning; significance; inner sense

موفّق
w-f-q “aid” Distinctive

literal: horizon; sphere; realm; quarter

جذوه

literal: spark; ember; fragment; trace

سدرهحکمت

literal: lote-tree; tree; lote tree, bush

ربّانی

literal: education; upbringing; training; cultivation

فائز

literal: benefit, profit, advantage; usefulness; bounty; effusion; grace

بعد

literal: after; behind; distance

مدّتی

literal: extended; outstretched; sustained

نهايت

literal: end, limit, utmost, extreme; final; the end, limit, utmost bound; Lote-Tree beyond which there is no passing; end; limit; terminus

ادب
ʾ-d-b “customs” Distinctive

literal: admonition; discipline; etiquette; courtesy

اظهار
ẓ-h-r “Revelation” Distinctive

literal: manifestation; appearance; to appear; to manifest

داشتم

literal: to have; to possess; to hold

جناب،

literal: to avoid; to shun; to keep away from

السن

literal: tongue; language

افواه

literal: mouth

ناس

literal: companionship; fellowship; familiarity; to keep company

مذکور

literal: remembrance; mention; memory; invocation; reminders; commemorations

است

literal: to be; to exist; to have been

ليکن

literal: but; however; yet; nevertheless

گويا
g-w-y “I say” Distinctive

literal: speech; utterance; saying; word

مقصود

literal: intention; purpose; aim; goal; to seek; to direct oneself

ديگر

literal: home; place; land; abode

مستفاد

literal: benefit, profit, advantage; usefulness; bounty; effusion; grace

شود.

literal: to come; to go; to arrive; came

بيان

literal: to manifest; to make clear; clear, evident; in; among; between; at this moment

خاتم

literal: to seal; to conclude; to end; seal

انبياء

literal: prophet; messenger

سيّد
s-y-d “my Master” Distinctive

literal: master; lord; chief; my master

اصفياء

literal: pure one; chosen one; selected one; elite; purity; clarity; sincerity; pure; sincere

دين

literal: religion; faith; creed; belief

مرتفع

literal: to be raised, elevated, exalted, lifted up

فرقان

literal: faction; sect; group; company

تشبيه

literal: doubts; resemblance; likeness

سماء

literal: heaven; sky

علّت

literal: for us; to us

علوّ

literal: highest; most high; supreme

عظمت

literal: greatest; supreme; mightiest

احاطه

literal: to encompass, surround, envelop, embrace

جميع

literal: to gather; to assemble; group; number

اديان.

literal: religion; faith; creed; belief

دو

literal: two; run; running

رکن

literal: pillar; cornerstone; support; fundamental element; limb; member

اقوم
q-w-m “most prominent” Distinctive

literal: rising; standing; uprising; resurrection

مقرّر

literal: abode; place; established

نيّرين
n-y-r “Day-Star” Distinctive

literal: fires; blazes; luminary; celestial body; light-giver

ناميده،

literal: to show, to display, to manifest, to exhibit; to manifest; to display; to show

مقدّر

literal: holy, sacred, sanctified

الإسلامُ
s-l-m “resignation” Distinctive

literal: resignation; submission; surrender; submissiveness

Source: Bahá'u'lláh, Kitáb-i-Íqán

Model Translations by Shoghi Effendi

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